Complete reference for all harmonium notes, sargam notation, and keyboard mapping
Practice on Web Harmonium →The harmonium has 12 notes per octave. Below is the complete sargam notation with keyboard shortcuts for Web Harmonium.
| Sargam Note | Western | Key | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sa | C | e | Root note — foundation of all ragas |
| Re♭ (Komal Re) | C# | 2 | Flat second — used in Bhairav, Bhairavi |
| Re | D | r | Natural second |
| Ga♭ (Komal Ga) | D# | 4 | Flat third — used in Kafi, Bhairavi |
| Ga | E | t | Natural third |
| Ma | F | y | Natural fourth |
| Ma# (Tivra Ma) | F# | 7 | Sharp fourth — used in Yaman, Kalyan |
| Pa | G | u | Fifth — fixed note, never altered |
| Dha♭ (Komal Dha) | G# | 8 | Flat sixth — used in Bhairav, Todi |
| Dha | A | i | Natural sixth |
| Ni♭ (Komal Ni) | A# | 9 | Flat seventh — used in Kafi, Khamaj |
| Ni | B | o | Natural seventh |
e r t y u i o — Black keys (flat/sharp): 2 4 7 8 9Sargam is the Indian equivalent of Western solfege (Do Re Mi). The 7 natural notes form the foundation of all Indian classical music and bhajans.
Ascending (Aroha): Sa → Re → Ga → Ma → Pa → Dha → Ni → Sa
Descending (Avaroha): Sa → Ni → Dha → Pa → Ma → Ga → Re → Sa
All ragas in Hindustani classical music are derived from one of these 10 parent scales (Thaats). Learning these scales is essential for advanced harmonium playing.
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
C D E F G A B
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni♭
C D E F G A A#
Sa Re Ga♭ Ma Pa Dha Ni♭
C D D# F G A A#
Sa Re Ga♭ Ma Pa Dha♭ Ni♭
C D D# F G G# A#
Sa Re♭ Ga♭ Ma Pa Dha♭ Ni♭
C C# D# F G G# A#
Sa Re♭ Ga Ma Pa Dha♭ Ni
C C# E F G G# B
Sa Re Ga Ma# Pa Dha Ni
C D E F# G A B
Sa Re♭ Ga Ma# Pa Dha Ni
C C# E F# G A B
Sa Re♭ Ga Ma# Pa Dha♭ Ni
C C# E F# G G# B
Sa Re♭ Ga♭ Ma# Pa Dha♭ Ni
C C# D# F# G G# B
Practice these well-known bhajans using sargam notation. All notes are in the default C key — use the Transpose control to match your vocal range.
Sa Sa Re Sa | Ni Sa Re Ga | Ma Pa Ma Ga Re
Key: C (default)
Pa Pa Pa Ma | Ga Ma Re Sa | Re Re Re Ni | Sa Re Ni Sa
Key: C (default)
Ga Ga Ma Pa | Dha Pa Ma Ga | Re Sa Ni Sa | Re Ga Ma Pa
Key: C (default)
Sa Re Ga Ma | Pa Dha Ni Sa | Sa Ni Dha Pa | Ma Ga Re Sa
Key: C (default)
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